Adult PTSD Essay Example For Students

Grown-up PTSD Essay Word Count: 825 NU832.90 Feb 8, 2000 PTSD/ADULTS The study of disease transmission In any event half all things considered and kids are presented to a mentally horrendous mishap, (for example, a perilous attack or mishap, humanmade or cataclysmic event, or war). The same number of as 67% of injury survivors experience enduring psychosocial impedance, including post-horrendous pressure issue (PTSD); alarm, phobic, or summed up tension issue; wretchedness; or substance abuse.(Van der Kolk, et al, 1994) Symptoms of PTSD incorporate persevering automatic re-encountering of awful misery, passionate desensitizing and separation from others, and hyperarousal (touchiness, sleep deprivation, frightfulness, anxious tumult). PTSD is connected to basic neurochemical changes in the focal sensory system which may have a direct natural impact on wellbeing, for example, weakness to hypertension and atherosclerotic coronary illness; variations from the norm in thyroid and other hormone capacities; expanded vulnerability to contaminations and immunologic issue; and issues with torme nt observation, torment resistance, and ceaseless agony. (Fesler, 1991) PTSD is related with huge conduct wellbeing dangers, including smoking, helpless sustenance, struggle or brutality in close connections, and outrage or threatening vibe. Veteran PTSD Etiology American Veterans experienced war-related injury in Vietnam.(Friedman, 1998) The war injuries included being on visit or delayed battle missions in hostile area, experiencing ambushes and firefights, being assaulted by sappers, expert marksmen, big guns or rockets. They saw demise and horrible mischief to their own and others bodies while being enduring an onslaught on helicopters, freight and observation airplane, and watch vessels. They frequently were doled out exceptionally unsafe obligation, for example, strolling point, radio administrator, surgeon, scout, burrow rodent, guard or entryway heavy weapons specialist. Different peoplespouses, youngsters, relatives, companions, or coworkersoften are more mindful of the veterans enthusiastic misery than he is himself. (Scurfeild, 1993) Numerous veterans can't desert the injury of Vietnam and mentally get back. They battle with an assortment of very extreme issues that neither they nor their families, companions, or networks realized how to comprehend or on the other hand adapt to. A large number of the accompanying side effects are found in grown-up victims of PTSD whether veterans of war or different types of PTSD survivors. v Fears, (for example, of shut spaces, swarms, new places, or abrupt assault) v Anxiety, (for example, eagerness, fanatical concerns, urgent customs) v Panic, (for example, a dread of losing control, choking, or going insane) v Depression, (for example, sadness, loss all things considered, or self-destructive driving forces) v Rage, as either extreme rough feelings and brutal activities v Irritability, (for example, feeling continually irritated, anxious, and basic) v Shame, (for example, feeling humiliated, uncovered, abused, or like a loner) v Guilt, (for example, feeling others ought to have lived and he ought to have passed on, or feeling that he fizzled or committed errors that had horrendous outcomes) v Isolation, (for example, being genuinely present however sincerely missing, or going off alone for extensive stretches of time, or declining to discuss family matters) v Emotional vacancy, (for example, gazing vacantly at nothing in particular vacantly or declining to show any sentiments when every other person is extremely enthusiastic) v Alienation, (for example, feeling that nobody comprehends or that everybody makes as well much complain about immaterial things and too minimal about large issues) v Over controlling, (for example, being very requesting or expecting to settle on all choices regardless of whether theyre truly somebody elses duty) v Unable to unwind, (for example, continually being in a hurry, always unable to have a fabulous time, or making everything into genuine work or an emergency) v Addiction, (for example, urgent abuse of liquor, medications, or betting) The indications of PTSD include: v Unwanted troubling recollections or a sentiment of remembering (flashbacks) horrendous encounters v Nightmares and trouble falling or staying unconscious relaxingly v Bodily pressure and strain, particularly when helped to remember horrendous encounters v Loss of enthusiasm for exercises and trouble in focusing on exercises or undertakings v Detachment or withdrawal from passionate inclusion seeing someone v Difficulty feeling or communicating feelings other than touchiness or disappointment v Feeling like there is no future or their lives will be stopped by an inconvenient demise v Feeling anxious, tense, and handily frightened v Feeling continually risky and unfit to let down their watchman (hyper-careful) .u5b54ed3f3220fa65fdc65f39dee4b068 , .u5b54ed3f3220fa65fdc65f39dee4b068 .postImageUrl , .u5b54ed3f3220fa65fdc65f39dee4b068 .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u5b54ed3f3220fa65fdc65f39dee4b068 , .u5b54ed3f3220fa65fdc65f39dee4b068:hover , .u5b54ed3f3220fa65fdc65f39dee4b068:visited , .u5b54ed3f3220fa65fdc65f39dee4b068:active { border:0!important; } .u5b54ed3f3220fa65fdc65f39dee4b068 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u5b54ed3f3220fa65fdc65f39dee4b068 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u5b54ed3f3220fa65fdc65f39dee4b068:active , .u5b54ed3f3220fa65fdc65f39dee4b068:hover { darkness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u5b54ed3f3220fa65fdc65f39dee4b068 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relativ e; } .u5b54ed3f3220fa65fdc65f39dee4b068 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-improvement: underline; } .u5b54ed3f3220fa65fdc65f39dee4b068 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u5b54ed3f3220fa65fdc65f39dee4b068 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-enrichment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5b54ed3f3220fa65fdc65f39dee4b068:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u5b54ed3f3220fa65fdc65f39d ee4b068 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u5b54ed3f3220fa65fdc65f39dee4b068-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u5b54ed3f3220fa65fdc65f39dee4b068:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Television Is A Pervasive And Complex Part Of Childrens Lives, There EssayThis is a short review of sentiments, side effects and etiology. As you probably are aware numerous , numerous encounters can cause PTSD in the grown-up. I have attempted to go over what is all around experienced by PTSD casualties as opposed to focusing on the horde of causes. Classification: Psychology .

Liberal Arts Education Essay Paper Example For Students

Human Sciences Education Essay Paper Consider your senior year in secondary school. All the choices you needed to make, what universities to apply to, and which one to pick when you got the acknowledgment letters; regardless of whether you needed to attend a university by any stretch of the imagination. You may have had various individuals revealing to you various things, everybody attempting to persuade you what the best choice to make was. At the end of the day you needed to decide for yourself. Climate that was a customary multi year school, specialized training, or going straight into the work power, aesthetic sciences instruction was a term that most probable came up during the investigation of your alternatives. As per the Association of American Colleges Universities an aesthetic sciences instruction is a â€Å"approach to discovering that engages people and sets them up to manage unpredictability, assorted variety, and change. It gives understudies wide information on the more extensive world just as top to bottom investigation in a particular zone of premium. † But does each significant need this expansive information? Only one out of every odd understudy can prevail in a conventional aesthetic sciences setting, regardless of whether they need to (Murray). Customary human sciences instruction has numerous points of interest and detriments all at last dependent on what the individual understudy might want to do with the training they get. Managers are expanding the utilization of a bachelor’s certificate as a capability for occupations so as to decide how set someone up is for the position. In view of this more understudies are being constrained into a balanced educational plan during their school years, when in all actuality numerous essentially need to utilize school as a professional kind school, just to secure the aptitudes they requirement for the activity (Murray). Such a significant number of qualified individuals become debilitated on the grounds that they can't bear the cost of a multi year degree. Murray proposes supplanting the bachelor’s qualification necessity with accreditation tests. Along these lines, individuals can land the position they are equipped for without being decided by the name of the school they joined in, they are just tried on how well they perform. In June of 2013 Mike Rowe was the Keynote Speaker at the SkillsUSA National Conference in Kansas City, Missouri. One of the central matters that Rowe made was â€Å"The issue is with what a large portion of the nation characterizes as a great job. † What he is alluding to is a vocation that is gotten following a strong multi year instruction. He additionally discussed the well known crusade in the 1970’s of â€Å"Work Smart NOT Hard. † Rowe says that it is the â€Å"Worst guidance he has ever heard. † But the crusade worked. School affirmations rose significantly throughout the following not many decades. However, where did a portion of these individuals end up? A huge number of dollars in the red, and not in any event, working a vocation in the field that they spent such a long time to examine. Rowe likewise emphasizes the point that he isn't against the customary multi year school, however that our country needs to rethink the outlook on employments in the multi year specialized school fields. A human sciences based training can likewise be helpful for understudies from multiple points of view. Alex Soholt, 2016 Wheaton College graduate composed a blog entry to assist understudies with understanding why they are taking classes outside of their major at this specific school. These equivalent principals can apply to this style of training overall. The aesthetic sciences style of training makes understudies all the more balanced and liberal people in their grown-up lives. It assists understudies with practicing their cerebrum, and become more grounded diagnostic masterminds. It additionally gives preferences with regards to showing others new things, regardless of whether they are not an instructing major. By and large the liberal style of instruction can eventually help understudies in their lives as they go into this present reality after school. .u4b0af7459b72e783330ae6cd314ad606 , .u4b0af7459b72e783330ae6cd314ad606 .postImageUrl , .u4b0af7459b72e783330ae6cd314ad606 .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u4b0af7459b72e783330ae6cd314ad606 , .u4b0af7459b72e783330ae6cd314ad606:hover , .u4b0af7459b72e783330ae6cd314ad606:visited , .u4b0af7459b72e783330ae6cd314ad606:active { border:0!important; } .u4b0af7459b72e783330ae6cd314ad606 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u4b0af7459b72e783330ae6cd314ad606 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u4b0af7459b72e783330ae6cd314ad606:active , .u4b0af7459b72e783330ae6cd314ad606:hover { haziness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u4b0af7459b72e783330ae6cd314ad606 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: r elative; } .u4b0af7459b72e783330ae6cd314ad606 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-enrichment: underline; } .u4b0af7459b72e783330ae6cd314ad606 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u4b0af7459b72e783330ae6cd314ad606 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-enhancement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4b0af7459b72e783330ae6cd314ad606:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u4b0af7459b72e783330ae6cd 314ad606 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u4b0af7459b72e783330ae6cd314ad606-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u4b0af7459b72e783330ae6cd314ad606:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Martin Luther King Jr EssayWhether or not a multi year human sciences training is required relies upon what the understudy needs to do with the instruction that they get. For instance, on the off chance that somebody needs to be a science educator, they are bound to require the assorted courses of English and Mathematics, notwithstanding courses in Chemistry and instructing. Then again, if the understudy needs to be a circuit repairman, the different courses in English, Mathematics and, the Sciences can appear to be an exercise in futility and cash since they are not things that they will use in work field each day. All things considered, Murray says that Obama can change our nation’s perspective when it comes the bachelor’s certificate as a fundamental activity capability. As our leader is urging individuals to use junior colleges, he likewise should be telling our country this, â€Å"It’s what you can do that should tally when you go after a position, not where you figured out how to do it. † (Murray) That is the kind of reasoning that will change our country from utilizing a multi year degree as a fundamental capability for a vocation, to giving the activity to the most qualified candidate, the manner in which it is intended to be.

English as a Universal Language

English as a Universal Language Language is a significant apparatus of comprehension and imparting between any individuals from a network in all fields of life. For the procedure of correspondences and comprehension to go easily, one must know and know about signs, images and implications related with every language, just as the social side behind every image and sign. Learning an unknown dialect particularly English can help congratulate an individual and network methods of understanding what is happening and help to incorporate and profit by accomplishments just as increment development. Albeit English is viewed as the main communicated in language on the planet. one out of each five individuals on the whole Earth can communicate in English somewhat [englishenglish.com] which implies fifth of the world which isn't sufficient as those speakers originate from various pieces of the world and they accompany distinctive foundation, culture, worth and convictions. The English verbally expressed in the UK isn't a simila r English spoken in USA or Australia. The significance of finding an all inclusive language because of expanded development of individuals and the accessibility of various sorts of correspondence, for example, the web and different methods in monetary, logical fields and the extension of financial exchanges among nations and universal organizations to encourage correspondence in gatherings between agents of the organizations. The receptiveness of the work showcase which is an aftereffect of globalization made it simpler for individuals to go around and search for occupations in all pieces of the world which prompted the quest for managers and significant organizations to exploit this and quest for business that diminishes cost and boosts benefits, at the same time, there is a test that joins it, the world is assorted, individuals originate from various characters, societies, conventions and dialects. Language isn't simply words that are assembled and organized into a sentence; it is consciousness of societies, customs an d qualities. In this way, the language traded in numerous organizations particularly worldwide ones has a gigantic significance, since it implies the simple trade of data and information identifying with the activity among the staff just as directions gave by the supervisors, it unites representatives in the event that they can see one another and see any specialized terms that identify with the activity. Religion, language and societies are on the whole factors that should be taken into contemplations while working together. Every individual is molded by their own way of life, where they understand it or now. Our own one of a kind feelings, convictions and activities are subject to the foundation we originate from. We possibly understand our disparities when we are confronted with another culture and an alternate method of getting things done. It is essential to comprehend a culture to have the option to convey so everything goes easily without confronting issues. A laborer talking minimal English may make some hard memories imparting and shouting out and feeling disappointed at whatever point communicating in the language, I for one felt thusly when I was in France and just began to learn French. It is the dread of being judged and absence of trust in information which can lead them to be shut in their own space or far more terrible thing would be not understanding what they need to do precisely and carrying out the responsibility wrong since they were hesitant to request help. There are various sorts of language that are not simply communicated by words and language the is utilized diversely among females and guys and they all influence how individuals manage each other in a multicultural business/workplace. Regardless of the numerous distinctions in characterizing the idea of language, I think it is alright to concur that it is the tongue of a culture; it is the divert where data goes in a country and from a country to another. Language is a heartbeat that collaborates with emotions and sensations and influences them. Language is a significant mental rationale that gives recommendations and motions. Non-verbal communication Non-verbal communication is speaking with individuals with no words expressed that are utilized in all parts of managing others. Developments by people, utilizing their hands, outward appearances, manner of speaking and headshaking with the goal that the recipient comprehends the message better and regularly utilized by somebody incapable to communicate what they need to state in words and needing to explain by making hand developments. Non-verbal communication is a basic mean of correspondence with others that is utilized on regular routine. Non verbal correspondence is critical in each culture, as correspondence isn't generally with the utilization of words. Hence, understanding non-verbal communication and utilizing it in an a successful way , can improve associations with others and may likewise help survive and manage various circumstances which one can be presented to while working together. Issues can happen from the misconception of hand motions or some other kind of physical signs, since they can mean one thing in on culture and have a totally unique significance in another. You can change your non-verbal communication in the working environment and the manner in which you are taken a gander at work, what your non-verbal correspondence and non-verbal communication sends various messages to individuals you work with in an intercultural situation relying upon where they originate from. Regardless of the way that grinning is a type of welcome in numerous societies, it very well may be seen as a type of humiliation in some Asian societies. Working with various nationalities and understanding non-verbal communication is an incentive to the representatives. In specific places the correct non-verbal communication can help other people see your transparency, adaptability and genuineness. Particularly in American societies as they are about business and getting things right in this way, sitting upstanding in a seat during a gathering says that you are open and caution. Be that as it may, it can change totally once you put your hands behind you head or cross arms before chest, unexpectedly you are communicating fatigue and prevalence and places you in a cautious position. Holding clench hands that is identified with uneasiness or strain, scratching nose, shaping a scaffold with hands, considers absence of intrigue can most likely cause the individuals around you to feel awkward. Keeping in touch convert into trustworthiness, however it is alright to turn away on occasion as it very well may be viewed as featuring or being extreme or in some Asian culture it tends to be looked as undermining. Regarding individual space of others is a decent method to communicate non-verbal communication in a work environment. Individual space changes to people from various races. (promotion model for the British here) Determining the fitting non-verbal communication in a working environment corresponding to contacting may be somewhat delicate. A confident handshake is inviting yet contacting somebody on the arm, tapping on the back possibly not be. Some think that its ordinary and some others perhaps feel awkward with it. In India the consistent shaking of the head from side to side can be misconstrued as a non verbal method of saying no however is the opposite as it is an approach to show that they comprehend what you are stating or an indication of understanding. Where in America shaking your head is an indication of differing and saying no while individuals from certain nations raise their jawlines. English individuals are supposed to be increasingly saved and formal. Americans are viewed as progressively open and active, while Australians are viewed as easygoing and loose. Sexual orientation language Various interests and inclinations between the two sexual orientations may be a motivation behind why they talk in an unexpected way. Despite the fact that lady and men live in a similar domain or have similar instruction and switch of calling growing up there were things that were worthy for young men to do or say and were viewed as improper for young ladies which is possibly a motivation behind why they impart in an unexpected way. A man has his own particular manner of articulation, he utilizes words that relate with the importance of what he needs to state precisely and quickly utilizing explicit terms that he truly implies while looking after succession. A lady may express with less complex words and expressions. Despite the fact that they communicate in a similar language, they don't talk in comparative setting. Men praise force, proficiency and accomplishment. They get things done to substantiate themselves, create aptitudes and qualities they have, characterize themselves by their capacity to accomplish results. Offering guidance to a man without him requesting it may cause him to feel as he doesn't have the foggiest idea what he is doing. Lady are an incredible opposite, they acknowledge correspondence, excellence and connections. Their thoughts of themselves are resolved b their sentiments and nature of the connections, they feel satisfied by interest, imparting and keeping in contact. Which can perhaps prompt lady landing more positions in the administration division as they include being loquacious, social and confronting and manage clients. The distinctive method of seeing things in an expert situation can prompt significant miscommunication between the two sexes. people approach correspondence with various interpretive casings. Where one may anticipate direct unequivocal explanation, the other perhaps anticipating roundabout articulation. Not meaning men are immediate and ladies are backhanded when one expects certainty and different uses aberrance wrong understandings and miscommunications will be the outcome. In a workplace if a manager who is male asks a specialist who is female to complete a report he may be extremely immediate and directly to the point while on the off chance that it was a female supervisor she may pick her words all the more cautiously and make an effort not to be very constraining if the activity she requested isn't critical. Paralanguage Sigmund Freud said He that has eyes to see and ears to hear may persuade himself that no human can leave well enough alone. On the off chance that his lips are quiet, he jabbers with his fingertips; disloyalty overflows out of him at each pore. The meaning of paralanguage is non verbal methods for correspondence, for example, one of voice, chuckling and here and there motions and outward appearances that go with discourse and pass on importance. Quietness can likewise be considered as a kind of paralanguage, even

The 12 SAT Grammar Rules You Must Know

The 12 SAT Grammar Rules You Must Know SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The SAT Writing and Language segment is involved inquiries that test your insight into sentence structure and composing style. By learning the punctuation decides that are tried on SAT Writing, you'll be setting yourself up to excel on the Writing segment, and you'll be one bit nearer to getting your objective score. In this article, I'll clarify the most significant SAT language structure leads and give related models from the official practice tests. The most effective method to Use This Guide The SAT Writing and Language segment tests you on a huge number of syntactic standards. In view of the substance of the training tests discharged by the College Board, a large number of these linguistic guidelines are probably going to be tried on each SAT. In this guide, I’ll give clarifications and guides to the language structure decides that are tried frequently on the SAT. Notwithstanding the sentence structure questions, there are additionally composing style addresses that make up a critical bit of the SAT Writing and Language area. You have to plan for those inquiries, as well. The data in this guide will be very valuable to you, particularly if you’re attempting to get a center score, beginning your SAT Writing contemplating, or you’re exploring the most significant SAT punctuation rules. On the off chance that your objective score is over a 700 for Writing and Reading, you ought to likewise altogether consider the guidelines that are just seldom tried on the SAT. Since this new form ofSAT Writing is fundamentally the same as ACT English, I’m connecting each standard to our comparing ACT English article that gives more clarification of the standard, genuine test models, and related guidelines that will assist you with excelling on the SAT Writing segment. The Grammar Rules You Must Know for SAT Writing Here are the 12 SAT language structure decides that you have to learn and comprehend before test day. #1: Select the Correct Word Based on the Context of the Given Sentence Word decision questions are normal on the SAT. A word will be underlined, and dependent on the specific situation, you need to choose the best word to finish the sentence. These inquiries can be troublesome in light of the fact that they require information on jargon. There are two regular kinds of word decision questions. Type #1: Homophones Homophones are words that sound the equivalent yet have various implications. Here are a few instances of homophones that have showed up on the training SATs: admission/reasonable, refer to/sight/site, at that point/than, there/their/they're, and its/it’s. You should comprehend what every one of these words means and how it's utilized. SAT Example The sentence is contrasting the bistro with a reasonable. In view of the unique circumstance, the word â€Å"fair,† which implies a display, generally with food and diversion, is right. There are numerous implications of the word â€Å"fare,† however it frequently alludes to the cash you pay for transportation, as in â€Å"bus fare.† Clearly, the word â€Å"fare† doesn’t bode well in this specific situation, so you can quickly dispose of answer decision C. Next, we have to decide whether we should utilize â€Å"then† or â€Å"than.† You utilize the word â€Å"than† to make correlations and â€Å"then† to allude to time. Since the sentence is contrasting the bistro with a reasonable, the right answer is B. Type #2: Related Words The second sort of word decision mistake includes equivalents or related words. A word will be underlined and the appropriate response decisions will be connected words. In any case, just single word will be right given the setting of the sentence. SAT Example For these sorts of inquiries, I like to rapidly experience every decision to see which one bodes well given the specific situation. In light of the setting of this sentence, we’re searching for a word that demonstrates that the authorities gave authorization for the feline works of art to be made. The word â€Å"forced† sounds excessively solid in this unique circumstance, and by and large, you don’t â€Å"license† a composition to be made. The word â€Å"decreed,† which intends to request or order, likewise appears to be too cruel given the specific circumstance. The word â€Å"commissioned† can mean employing a craftsman to make a work. It’s the main word that’s commonly utilized with fine art, and it’s the most proper word for this sentence. The right answer is B. It’s hard to get ready for these inquiries since you don’t know the particular words that will show up on the SAT. In any case, I suggest utilizing the word decision inquiries on the training SATs to enable you to examine. Likewise, attempt to recognize the unobtrusive contrasts in the implications of the words in the appropriate response decisions to help select the best word to finish the sentence. #2: Use the Fewest Words Possible Regularly, the briefest syntactically right answer decision that communicates a similar data as the first sentence will be the correct answer. Shorter sentences are increasingly brief and more obvious. On the SAT, words or expressions might be superfluously added to a sentence. Here’s a model sentence with an excess mistake: Consistently, Jane runs the Los Angeles Marathon every year. In this sentence, the word â€Å"annually† implies that she runs the long distance race each year. Since the sentence begins with â€Å"every year,† the word â€Å"annually† is pointless. It doesn’t add any new data to the sentence, and it ought to be wiped out. Here’s another case of a tedious sentence: George is an individual who is irate in nature. This is an adjusted variant of the sentence: George is an irate individual. The revised sentence passes on a similar data as the first however in a considerably more compact way. Justin Jackson/Flickr SAT Example Answer decisions A, B, and C are repetitive. The expression â€Å"and other countries† as of now infers that there are different things on the rundown. The right answer is D. #3: Use the Correct Idiomatic Expression Phrase questions can be testing since they don't adjust to explicit principles. You need to depend on your insight into explicit expressions and standard English shows to address these inquiries effectively. In most maxim inquiries on the SAT, you'll be approached to figure out which relational word to use in a given sentence. Look at this model sentence with a prepositional figure of speech mistake: Wrong: After getting suspended, Herbert chose to center at improving his conduct. Right: After getting suspended, Herbert chose to concentrate on improving his conduct. There is no standard to figure out how to help distinguish this blunder, however the right articulation is center around. SAT Example The right articulation is â€Å"as a methods of,† and the appropriate response is B. Study the figure of speech inquiries from the training SATs, and survey my article on SAT phrases to set yourself up. Enokson/Flickr #4: Keep Verb Tenses Consistent The general guideline in regards to action word consistency is that action words ought to stay reliable in tense or structure all through a sentence. Here’s a case of a consistency blunder: A week ago, Frank leased a vehicle and drives to Las Vegas. The action word â€Å"drives† ought to be in the past tense. Not exclusively ought to â€Å"drives† be reliable with the past tense â€Å"rented,† yet in addition the expression â€Å"Last week† demonstrates this was something that occurred before. This is the remedied form of the sentence: A week ago, Frank leased a vehicle and headed to Las Vegas. Likewise, on the SAT, the action word tenses of encompassing sentences can give setting insights for the best possible tense to use in an offered sentence to look after consistency. Here’s another case of a consistency blunder: Trenton lives in a provincial zone. He appreciated the harmony and calm. The move from the current state â€Å"lives† to the past tense â€Å"enjoyed† doesn’t bode well in setting. Here is a rectified adaptation of the sentence: Trenton lives in a rustic territory. He appreciates the harmony and calm. SAT Example In this sentence, the action words â€Å"is† and â€Å"serves† show that the underlined action word ought to be in the current state. Answer decisions B and D are not current state action words. Answer decision An isn't right in light of the fact that the â€Å"it† is excess. The right answer is C. #5: Surround Non-Restrictive Clauses and Appositives With Commas The SAT tests various comma rules, and these are two that you have to know. Relative Clauses: Restrictive versus Non-Restrictive Relative provisos are needy conditions that portray a thing and start with a relative pronoun or verb modifier like â€Å"who,† â€Å"that,† â€Å"which,† or â€Å"where.† The fundamental principle is that prohibitive statements shouldn’t be encircled by commas and non-prohibitive conditions ought to be. What’s a Restrictive Clause? Prohibitive statements are important to the significance of the sentence. You can’t remove a prohibitive proviso from a sentence without viably changing the importance of the sentence. Here’s a model: Understudies who read consistently are set up for the SAT. On the off chance that you expel the statement â€Å"who read regularly,† the importance of the sentence would be significantly changed. You’d be left with â€Å"Students are set up for the SAT.† Because you can’t expel the statement without changing the significance of the sentence, this proviso shouldn’t be encircled by commas. What’s a Non-Restrictive Clause? A non-prohibitive statement isn't fundamental to the importance of the sentence. In the event that you disposed of the statement, you'd have less data, yet the general significance of the sentence would continue as before. Here's a model sentence with the non-prohibitive statement underlined. Joe’s guardians, who continually call him, are overprotective. The provision â€Å"who continually call him† includes more data about Joe’s guardians, yet on the off chance that it were expelled, the significance of the sentence

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of starting a business from Essay - 1

Clarify the points of interest and inconveniences of beginning a business without any preparation, establishments, and existing organizations - Essay Example s incorporate the opportunity to actualize one’s plans to a huge degree, adjusting the speculation and asset preparation to economic situations as opposed to focusing on unbending plans, and simplicity of section and exit with least reliance on outcasts (Longenecker et al, 2011, pp.104-133). Disservices incorporate high danger of adventure disappointment because of absence of past experience, settling on an off-base decision of item/administration, and longer time expected to accomplish physical and monetary objectives. By and large buying of a current business indicates a medium hazard and gives guaranteed client base and incomes from the beginning. This bit of leeway is weakened if the unit has gained notoriety for quality or moral practices. While the accomplished staff is a bit of leeway, if there are uncertain modern relations issues, the new proprietor needs to explain them, which isn't in every case simple. Likewise, it may not generally be conceivable to distinguish concealed liabilities speaking to extra dangers, which gather to the new proprietor (on the same page.). Taking out an establishment is a base hazard alternative for new business visionaries since it gives the upsides of another unit just as a running plan of action. On the less side, one needs to rely upon the parent organization for every single significant choice other than resolving to pay beginning expenses and eminences. Benefit is decreased because of these confinements. One of IFA’s best highlights is the posting of a few establishment choices, complete with the fundamental data for examination, exchanges and dynamic. I have considered the alternative of Expedia ®CruiseShip Sales Center Franchise from IFA’s site for examination (Franchise openings, IFA, 2012). This is a set up organization with a solid brand picture and 150 establishments. With an underlying venture of $9500 and all out speculation of up to $20,000, this business is inside my range (ExpediaFranchise, 2012). The business is identified with movement and get-away for which the interest has consistently been acceptable. Further, a franchisee can begin tasks

How to Crush Your Summer Reading Assignment in 4 Easy Steps

How to Crush Your Summer Reading Assignment in 4 Easy Steps For seven years, I was a high school English teacher, and every summer, I assigned my students summer reading. At the end of each school year, I would visit sophomore English classes to deliver that summer’s assignment. Many students groaned, a few wonderful nerds actually got excited, and most wore looks of resignation on their faces. I don’t know which of those three groups you most identify with (since you’re reading Book Riot, it’s perhaps likely that a fair few of you count yourselves among the wonderful nerds, but I don’t want to make any assumptions), but no matter what, I’ve got a few tips for those of you looking to use your summer reading assignment as a springboard to a whole school year’s worth of academic success. Students, take note. Parents, casually send this link to your kid as often as needed to make it sink in. Teachers, may none of your students utter the phrase “What summer reading assignment?” ever again. Step 1. Do the thing. Umm, actually read the book. This seems obvious, but don’t do that thing where you read a bunch of summaries or do the CliffsNotes thing or just pray you can pick up the gist of the book from your classmates during class discussions. Just read it. Maybe it’s a book you have no natural interest in; maybe it’s 600 pages long; maybe it was written in an age when “doth” and “thou” are words people actually used. Bummer. Whatever the case, you need to find a way to make it through. There’s simply no substitute for actually doing the reading. My advice? Get started early and make a reading calendar. Divide the book into manageable chunks and knock ‘em out one at a time. Step 2. Take a look around. Do a quick search to see if anybody’s written any articles or made videos about the book you’re reading. For one thing, they might provide some context that helps you grasp what’s on the page. But they can also give you something to respond to as you read, which is a great way to generate really useful notes to use on any assignments you might have to complete once the school year starts. Do you agree with what the lady in the video said about the book, or did you notice something different? Where is her take right on? Where does it fall short? Step 3. Be prepared. Typically, your summer reading assignment is the first thing you’ll cover when class starts in the fall. It gives you a chance to make a great first impression on your teacher and set the tone for a successful year. If you can read a different book that tackles the same subject matter from a different angle, take notes and bring those insights to class. Keep a list of questions your book prompts you to ask about the world. Take note of places where the author is particularly convincing in their argument or where they represent an emotion or idea especially well through their characters. Make note of your observations (or write them directly into the book, if you own it) and organize them by subject so you can call upon them quickly. If this sounds like a lot of work, that’s because it is. BUT the more work you do on the front end, the less you’ll typically have to do when it comes time to write that essay or complete that final project. Step 4. Don’t go through it alone. Assigned reading of any kind can be a tough pill to swallow. Something about having to read something rather than getting to read it just transforms the whole experience. But chances are, if you’ve been assigned the book, so has somebody else. Reach out to your fellow future classmates and chat about what you’ve read so far. Bounce questions and observations off of one another. Check out the book’s Goodreads page and see what people are talking about it in the threads. Or, even better, get together with a couple of in-the-flesh humans and spend an hour arguing about what you love or hate about the book. For one thing, sharing the experience can make any burden feel a bit lighter. For another, thinking in groups is different than thinking by yourself. Both can be valuable, but talking through your thoughts with others is a great way to get a better grip on what you actually think about what you’re reading. Taking your thoughts into the classroom is a whole lot easier when they’re well-defined. The school year will be here before you know it, and with it will come the time when you’re asked to account for your summer reading. You can blow it off until the last minute and then scrape by those first couple of weeks hoping not to be found out, or you can go in ready to knock your poor bedraggled teacher’s socks off. With one eye on all my former teaching colleagues, I hope you use this list to make it the latter.

Social Media For Promoting And Marketing Films Media Essay - Free Essay Example

The effects of social media as a tool used for film marketing and promotion, an investigation of both dependant and independent filmmakers around the world. Abstract This dissertation will help to analyse and evaluate the different ways in which social media as platform is being used as an alternative way to promote and market films by filmmakers in the media industry. Studies were commenced in order to explore the future potential of social media as an industry in the world of film making, as well as to understand the different approaches and steps taken by film makers in order to reach as wide an audience as possible. Table of Contents Chapter One: Introduction 1.1 Research Problem Defined 1 Chapter Two: Literature Review 2.1 The Blair Witch Project 3 2.2 An Introduction to Social Media 5 2.3 The transition by filmmakers to Social Media 7 2.4 Methods used and statistics 9 Chapter Three: Research Methodology 3.1 Introduction 14 3.2 Secondary data 14 3.3 Primary Data 15 3.4 Reflections 15 Chapter Four: Case Studies 4.1 Where The Wild Things Are 17 4.2 Paranormal Activity 19 4.3 Compare and Contrast 21 Chapter Five: Analysis and Findings 5.1 Introduction 22 5.2 Interviews 22 Chapter Six: Conclusion 24 Bibliography Appendix 1.1 Research Problem Defined This dissertation will explore the ins and outs of how and why social media is currently being used by major production companies as well as independent filmmakers all around the world in order to market and promote their films. Up until recently (2009/2010) movie studios had depended largely on highly budgeted advertising campaigns in order to help drive sales and bring in the revenue for their movies. In todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s world, the situation seems to be changing. Production companies are realizing the true potential that social media has, as a platform, to directly promote and market films to interested audiences. It is efficient, cheap, and effective. One of the most striking realizations is that social media tends to level out the playing field by giving everyone the ability to showcase their work. This means that anyone with an internet connection and a touch of creativity can take part in this new and exciting way of spreading the word of their project. Needless to say, social media is creating a new world where skill and talent in the filmmaking world will be noticed, while the pretenders will eventually be weeded outà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ regardless of status or money. Social media is creating a world of equal opportunities, as seen with Fede Alvarezs short film à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Ataque de Panico.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Fede Alvarez who describes himself as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"just a guy from an unknown countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ created his short film à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Ataque de Panicoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ with a budget of $300. Within a month of uploading his video on to the website YouTube, Alvarez found himself with a thirty million dollar deal from Hollywood. (https://movingstillmedia.com/613/cracks-in-the-dam-of-digital-distribution). Clearly, this goes to show that with a lot of hard work, a great product, and the right social media tools, the ability to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"make it bigà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is indeed possible. Research undertaken in this medium is for the following reasons: To understand the true power and potential that social media has as a platform, as well as to try and comprehend the different ways in which social media is being used, and by whom. Additionally, to discuss the issue with the filmmakers themselves. There are a few reasons as to why I decided to undergo extensive research in the field of social media in the filmmaking industry. This topic was chosen due to my great personal interest and enthusiasm for technology/social media, film making, and photography. As a student, and out of great passion, I have previously worked on multiple independent film and photography related projects, in which the only way of spreading my works was through the online world. This has given me a good understa nding of the ability and potential that social media has, as a platform, in order to create à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"buzzà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ around a certain project. This has inspired me to explore the social media landscape in greater depth as well as to take part by signing up and uploading the contents of his work to multiple online platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Linkedin, Youtube, Vimeo, Digg, WordPress, Tumblr, and Flickr. This has allowed me to share my work, as well as to build a fan base and contact list of people who are interested in my work. The research undertaken was initiated in order to complete the final year of the BA (Hons) Film and Television Fiction degree at the University of Hertfordshire. 2.1 An introduction to Social Media Social media is a term that has only started being used in recent years with the invention of some of the World Wide Webs most popular platforms such us Facebook, Twitter, and Youtube. In its barest form, social media is a technology in the online world (the internet) which allows individuals from all over to contribute by sharing content, ideas, opinions, as well as allowing them to rate, comment, tag, and discuss different ideas and information. There are hundreds if not thousands of websites and applications with this technology built in, but only a select few are known to be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"large-scaleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ enough to be affective in terms of marketing and promotion. The obvious main players in the world of social media are world renown websites such as Facebook, Twitter, Youtube, Digg, Linkedin, and Foursquare. What is interesting here is that all of these platforms are known as social media website/web applications, but they all have different purposes. As an example , Youtube is a website dedicated to online video sharing and uploading, whereas Foursquare is a less popular geo-location application. These two platforms may be miles apart in terms of what they are able to provide consumers, but what they do have in common is that they give us the ability to share, comment on, and discuss this contentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and this is what social media is all about. In other words, social media has created a system where anyone with an internet connection is able to constantly provide feedback, in real time, on content that is created by their online à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"contactsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ creating a two way conversation. What is most astounding, and one of the main reasons as to why social media is now being noted as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"game changerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ rather than a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"passing trendà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, is that these social media platforms are available to anyone with access to the internet, and for free. Because of this, we are seeing a great surge of interest in this type of media from all types of businesses. Businesses ranging from online wine selling companies, to major Hollywood production companies, to independent musicians and artists. Social media is being recognized as a more efficient and cost effective way to reach audiences as well as to gain feedback from them in real time. In addition to this, and more importantly, social media is the type of platform in which the people decide whom to follow or become à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"fansà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ of. This is a very important point to recognize due to the fact that companies, filmmakers, and business owners alike are able to target only those who care about their products, as opposed to traditional forms of marketing where promoting a product is made to the masses, regardless of whether or not they care about the product or company. Social media can be considered as a type of filtering system which allows marketers to focus on a loyal fa n base, whom can in turn, also help spread the word of the company, filmmaker, or business they are fans of. This is especially true for the social network Twitter. As Gary Vaynerchuck, the mastermind behind www.winelibrary.com, put it, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Twitter is word of mouth on steroids.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? These different types of social networks are revolutionizing the ways in which we connect and communicate, and are allowing fans to make a sincere and direct contribution. 2.2 The Blair Witch Project One of the first films to depend mainly on the internet for heavy marketing was à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Blair Witch Project.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ With ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s great success à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Blair Witch Projectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ showed the world that it is indeed possible for anyone with a good idea and decent enough equipment to make it big in the film industryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ but it is their smart use of the internet which made the film as popular as it is today. Writer/director Ed Sanchez of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Blair Witch Projectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ created à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"buzzà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and an online community of followers by starting up a website and stoking the Blair Witch myth (See Appendix 1). By the time Artisan, the independent film company, decided to buy the rights to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Blair Witch Project,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ there was already enough talk and anticipation for the movies releaseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ all of which was created only by using the World Wide Web as a direct portal to the secrets of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Blair Witch Project.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Web completely levels the playing field; you canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t out-spend somebody on the Web. Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s against the grain of every other media; you create a message and give it time to breathe. If the environment is interesting, you can hold onto the fan base longer, as opposed to a 30-second ad thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s here and gone. For us, it was the most important and impactful delivery mechanism,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Hegeman, marketing director of Artisan. (https://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BDW/is_36_40/ai_56023086/). What Hegeman is trying to say is that the internet allows for a type of film marketing in which the individuals are the ones who are looking for certain information, which is a much more authentic, appealing, and powerful way of marketing. In terms of promotion on billboards, magazine covers, and television advertisements, the viewe rs are in some ways being forced to these advertisements, and have no way to go back to them. Although Ed Sanchez and Hegeman did not use social media tools (they had not yet been created) to promote à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Blair Witch Project,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ they used the internet in a strikingly similar fashion. Their website was used as a hub for people to digest content as well as to comment and discuss their ideas and opinions. This created a word of mouth sensation which spread to individuals from all over the world. From analyzing both à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Blair Witch Projectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and box office hit à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Avatar,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ it is fair to say that social media is a great tool for filmmakers to use for exposure and outreach, but it is up to the filmmakers to find creative and fun ways to incorporate social media in their marketing strategies. Without a doubt, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Blair Witch Projectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ has gone a long way in facilitating th e transition for filmmakers, especially independent ones, to turn to the online world for marketing and promotion. We have since seen many filmmakers follow in this direction. 2.3 The transition by filmmakers to Social Media Only recently (within the past two years) have filmmakers been dominating the social media landscape. This is true for both independent filmmakers as well as large production companies. For independent filmmakers, social media is proving to be a great way to promote their films due to the simple fact that there is a lot of potential for outreach. In addition to this, independent filmmakers are able to receive constant feed back in real time from their fans, which is a great way to help the filmmaker advance both technically and creatively. Whatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interesting here is that this transition is happening very naturally. What makes it easy for independent filmmakers to use these social media platforms to promote and market their films is because they are already using these social networks for their personal lives. Social media is giving independent filmmakers the tools and possibilities to do what they could not have done only a few years ago. This being the case, it is a lso true that these social networks can probably get too crowded by independent filmmakers looking to promote and market their filmsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the reasons being ease of use and availability. Obviously, this means that only the absolute best and most persistent will survive and end up being the ones noticed in this world of equal opportunities. In terms of production companies, things seem to be a little different. Unlike independent filmmakers, it seems that only a select few production companies are making the move to social media to promote and market their films. This is due to making sure the production companies reputations stays in tact, but things are changing fast. It is fair to note that even though Hollywood spent millions of dollars on advertising James Cameronà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Sci-fi epic à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Avatar,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ a huge part of ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s success was in part due to ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s social media strategy. As Samuel Axon states à ¢Ã¢ ‚ ¬Ã…“Avatar has its own Facebook (Facebook), MySpace (MySpace), and Twitter (Twitter) pages. Thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s getting to be standard these days. The 18,000-follower Twitter account has tellingly not been updated since a few days after the filmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s theatrical release; once the word was out, the job was done. While it was active, though, its followers would retweet updates to their followers, who (if interested) would do the same, spreading the word all over the web. The Facebook Page is even more impressive, with over 700,000 fans.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (https://mashable.com/2010/01/08/avatar-social-media-web/). The creatives behind Avatar took these social media tools and made the most out of them by delivering content to the fans in clever and creative ways. On December 3rd, 09, MTV held a thirty minute Facebook hosted webcast called à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Avatar Live,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in which fans were able to ask James Cameron questions about the movie. Additionally, the movies red carpet live premiere was broadcast live on Ustream, sponsored by Myspace, This, without a doubt, is another great way Avatar used social media as a way of exposure as well as creating à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"buzzà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ around the film. Just because everyone now has the ability and tools to use social media, it doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t mean that everyone will succeed. As proven by the success of Avatar, it is up to the filmmakers to find creative and fun ways to incorporate social media into a movies marketing strategy. Without a doubt, Avatars great success as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"biggest movie everà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ w ill surely ease the transition by filmmakers to social media. 2.4 Methods used and statistics There are numerous platforms that can be considered social media networks, but only a few have the ability and true potential to successfully promote and market films by film makers and production companies. The obvious three main social media websites are Facebook, Youtube, and Twitter. These online platforms are showing very impressive results for filmmakers, and they continue to dominate and overtake traditional forms of marketing. Facebook: Facebook, the worlds largest social network, with over 400 million people signed up to the service, is the Holy Grail when it comes to social media marketing. Facebooks main feature the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"News Feedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is what separates it from the rest of the competition. The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"News Feedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is a section of the social network website in which all of the activity by its users is broadcast for others to see. As simple as this may sound, the effects can be monumental. For example, if an independent filmmaker named à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Xà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ decides to upload his latest film on his personal Facebook fan page, it will also be broadcast on the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"News Feedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ section of the website for all of his fans to see. Letà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s say a fan named à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Yà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ watches the video and decides to leave a comment on the film. Without even knowing it, fan à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Yà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ will not onl y be providing the filmmaker with feedback in real time, but he will also be spreading the word of film maker à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Xà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s work, as it will be broadcast on à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Yà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"News Feedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ page for all of his friends to see. So if ten of the filmmaker à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Xà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s fans decide to comment or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"likeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ the video, and letà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s say that each of the fans have three hundred friends each, then that video is being given the opportunity and potential to be broadcast to over thirty thousand unique visitors. To put simply, keeping in mind the current situation, ten comments on a filmmaker à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Xà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s film would equal to a potential thirty thousand views just by being broadcast on the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"News Feedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ of the ten fans. This is the type of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"word of mouthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ power which makes Facebook a very valuable asset to filmmakers. What is even more incredible is that are so many different ways to interact with the content, which makes this type of broadcasting system very appealing to marketers. Also, without a doubt, this à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"word of mouthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ type of marketing is exactly what helps to create viral videos. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Something like 70 to 80 percent of frequent moviegoers under 25 visits Facebook seven or eight times a day.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Daniel Frankel. The fact that over four hundred million people are on Facebook, most of which are moviegoers, only goes to prove how valuable of a tool Facebook can be for filmmakers. Youtube: Youtube, the online portal for uploading and viewing videos with over à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“1 billion views per day!à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (https://techcrunch.com/2009/10/09/youtubes-new-logo-shouts-from-the-rooftops-1-billion-views-per-day/), is one of the major social media tools being used by film makers to promote themselves. Youtube is somewhat similar to other social networks such as Facebook and Twitter in terms of being able to comment and rate content, with the only difference being that it is dedicated to video. This makes Youtube an ideal candidate for film makers to showcase their works. One of the main goals of film makers with in Youtube is for their works to go viral, which tends to give the creator of the content great advertising revenues with in Youtube, as well as free publicity which can eventually lead to bigger deals from production companies as seen with Fede Alvarezs short fim à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Ataque de Panico.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Although this may be what film makers within the Youtube community hope for, the possibilities are extremely rare due to the fact that millions of videos are uploaded onto the social network daily, many of which are just useless banter. Exceptions do happen as with the case of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Four Eyed Monsterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ by Buice and Crumley. In simple terms. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Four Eyed Monsterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ was kind of a 3-5 minute reality show about the making of their movie. As Adam L. Penenberg explains in his book à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Viral Loop, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Their first podcast was a viral hit and it didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t take long for each new installment to attract sixty-five-thousand downloads via iTunes, YouTube, Google Video, and Myspace.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ This is an impressive feat for a viral video which has earned them a lot of publicity, as well as earned them numerous sold out screenings as well as generous revenues from DVD sales. The most interesting factor here is that Buice and Crumley are key players in changing the way in which films are being distributed. Although luck is an important factor, they have proven that it is completely possible to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"make it bigà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ without the need of a distributor. This may be far from how the movie industry works at the moment, but it may just in fact be the future of distributution. Twitter: Twitter, unlike Facebook and Youtube, is a social network based around status up dates. You can choose to follow a person or brand that you are interested in and keep up to date with their information. This is unique because it reverses the current way in which we receive information. Instead of looking for information relating to our favourite filmmaker, company, brand, etc, we can just follow them on Twitter and all of the information comes directly to us. We no longer have to go on to several different websites to receive the information we are looking for. This is especially interesting for filmmakers. An independent film maker can use his Twitter account as a link to their website or any other interesting work they have been up to by redirecting their followers to those pages. This being the case, Twitter acts as a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"linkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in order to facilitate the ways in which we find and receive information we are interested in. Another important part of Twitter is the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"trending topicsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ section, the retweet feature, as well as the fact that it is based in real time. The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"trending topicsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ section on Twitter is a place where all of the most talked about à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"key wordsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ are featured. This means that if the key word à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"filmmakerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ were a trending topic, it would be available for the entire Twitter community (of over thirty million individuals) to see. Needless to say, this is the Holy Grail for Twitter users, and just like the possibilities of creating a viral video on Youtube, it is quite a far fetch. From the article à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Twilight New Moon Social Media Mania Netà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s 81,000 Tweets Per Day,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Jennifer Van Grove paints a clear picture of how Twitter can be used by fans to create à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"buzzà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ around a certain movie. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The rest of the tweets, 92% in tot al, paint a very positive picture for New Moon ticket sales. 13% of tweets include twitterers who are trying to plan ahead for their New Moon events, going so far as to use the medium for coordinating viewing parties. As to be expected, the majority of tweets, 59% to be exact, are expressing excitement and counting down the days and the hours until they can catch the flick in theaters.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (https://mashable.com/2009/11/18/twilight-new-moon-stats/). This clearly demonstrates Gary Vaynerchucks quote à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Twitter is word of mouth on steroids.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? The buzz around the movie à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"New Moonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ on Twitter has spread from follower to follower, creating a viral sensation, which has allowed for millions of people to hear about the movieà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ all of which is proven to be free promotion. The retweet feature of Twitter is similar to the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"shareà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ feature on Facebook. Followers can choose to retweet any status update they like to all of their followers. This would then be available for all of their followers to see, which can certainly help with the promotion and marketing of a certain product, film, etc. Last but not least, and just like on Facebook and Youtube, followers of a certain brand, product, or filmmaker can choose to comment on status updatesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ providing them with valuable feedback in real time. Research Methodology 3.1 Introduction This dissertation has evaluated and come up with a large amount or information pertaining to the idea that social media is increasingly being used by film makers to market and promote their films. The contents of this dissertation are meant to cover three main areas. First of all, and most importantly, is data relating to the rise of social media being used as a platform for filmmakers. Second, the different ways and platforms used in which independent film makers as well as production companies are going about with using social media. Last but not least, an understanding and evaluation of these differences and the impact they have. The information that has been gathered for this dissertation consists of qualitative data from both primary and secondary sources. 3.2 Secondary data Secondary data is the collection and analyzing of other peoples information. With secondary data, the researcher can collect a large variety of information from books, journals, articles, and websites from many different sources. For this dissertation, secondary data was gathered by using the facilities at the University of Hertfordshireà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Library, as well as alternative locations for finding books related to the chosen topic. The Internet was a main source for the researcher to gather information due to the fact that there is not a lot of published works out there about the chosen topic. The data collected from the World Wide Web was informative and up to date. 3.3 Primary Data Primary data is usually the collection of data for specific criteria by conducting interviews, creating questionnaires, and analyzing certain information, etc. The primary data collected for this dissertation is unique to this research. For this dissertation, only one method has been used. Interviews were conducted with filmmakers Gary Nadeau, Stuart Read, and Charles Son. This is in order to try and further understand the topic question, as well as to see real world examples of how filmmakers are currently using social media to promote and market their films. Additionally, we are given different perspectives, opinions, and insights into how they believe that social media film marketing landscape. 3.4 Reflections It proved difficult trying to find published works relating to how social media is being used by filmmakers to market their films. Because social media as a platform, as well as social media being used as a tool to promote and market films is still in ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s early stages, most of the appropriate information discovered was from the online world on websites such as www.mashable.com and www.techcrunch.com. Although a few books were used in this dissertation, they were focused more on social media in general rather than related to film, which made it hard to find specific film examples. The interviews conducted were in order to gain real world insight as to how social media is being used by filmmakersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ all of which was valuable primary research. The interviewees were highly professional and responded within a few days. One of the interviews with speechwriter and consultant Ian Griffin seemed to be unusable for this dissertation due to the fact that it was focused on social media being used by businesses rather than filmmakers. 4.1 Where the Wild Things Are à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where The Wild Things Areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ written by Maurice Sendak and directed by Spike Jonze, is a Universal Studios released film based on the childrenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s book by the same author. Although à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where The Wild Things Areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ has a pretty solid à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"traditionalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ marketing method including posters, billboards, sponsors from Kodak, Urban Outfitters, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where The Wild Thingsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ also has a pretty intelligent and top-notch social media campaign. This campaign has led their marketing agency to deliver a Facebook fan page, iphone application, Twitter integration, as well as sponsorship on www.digg.com. All of these social media platforms are being used as different ways for fans to interact with and learn more about the characters and the movie, whilst at the same time allowing them to spread the word to all of their friends via Facebook and Twitter. The logic behind this move is simple. Universal Studios is giving fans a way to sell the movie for them. And the way this is done is via word of mouth throughout the online world, with hopes of creating a somewhat viral type of effect. In order to understand this, we must analyze and comprehend the different ways and methods used by Universal Studios in terms of social media. For the first time ever, the worlds most popular social news website www.digg.com placed a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"sponsoredà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ advertisement link which redirected to an article about à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where The Wild Things Areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ on their website. The social news website Digg would previously only place the most requested articles on their front page. With the introduction of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where The Wild Thingsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ being placed on the front page of Digg in the form of an advertisement, a lot of talk surrounded the movie, and with Digg being a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"socialà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ news website, a lot of that talk was spread throughout the interweb via integration with Twitter and Facebook. This type of social media integration for the film à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where The Wild Things Areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ was a smart move, as it was the first of ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s kind and helped spread word of the film in the form of word of mouth. One of the movies greatest uses of social media is its Facebook page (See Appendix 2). With currently over 1.8 million fans, the movies Facebook page surely had a great impact on the films popularity and ticket sales. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The movie version of the popular childrenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s book Where the Wild Things Are is set to premier this Friday, and its Facebook page appears to be riding the success of a multimedia advertising blitz. It has grown from 72,000 users on the first of the month to 1.37 million fans today. The page itself has been getting updated nearly every day acting as a sort of hub for other promotional efforts. The re are links to various trailer videos, behind-the-scenes footage, music from the film, sneak-peaks and other features. Besides YouTube previews, the Warner Bros. movie also has a nice-looking iPhone app, and even a hipster clothing line.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Eric Eldon. (https://www.insidefacebook.com/2009/10/13/where-the-wild-things-are-on-facebook/). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where the Wild Things Areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ has a multimedia based Facebook fan page which is based around content pertaining to the movie. The fan page consists of a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Wild Thingsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ tab which allows you to customize and take a look at posters, a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Videoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ section where fans can watch behind the scenes footage as well as trailers and interview, and finally a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"soundtrackà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ section where fans can listen to and purchase music from the film. Last but not least, the Facebook fan page has a main à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"wallà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ section where all the information about the movie is updated. Fans can then comment, share, discuss,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"likeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, and much more on all of this content that is being released. This social media integration for à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where The Wild Things Areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ means two things. First of all, the content we are being given such a s movie trailers and samples of the movie soundtrack are nothing new. Film studios have been releasing trailers, interviews, soundtrack clips, as well as posters for a long time now. What makes it different is that the marketers of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where The Wild Things Areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ are releasing this content all in one place, and in a social environment. For most fans, the fact that all of this content is in one place and on their favourite social website, makes it a lot easier for them to keep up to date and informed of the latest on goings of the movie. The fact that all of this content is being delivered to fans in a social content makes it more interesting for fans, as they can see what others think of certain trailers, etc, while giving their own two cents as well. Whilst all of this is going on, unbeknownst to most fans, in a very discreet and indirect way, they are selling the movie for the Universal Studios. 4.2 Paranormal Activity The story of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Paranormal Activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is very similar to that of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Blair Witch Project.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Both movies were produced on a low budget and harnessed the power of the internet in order to build buzz and gain a large enough following for movie studios to buy and release the films nationwide. Unlike à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Blair Witch Project,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ which was created prior to what is known as social media today, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Paranormal Activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ has a different story. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“We have the advantage with all these digital tools of allowing word of mouth to spread much faster than before, which is sending à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Paranormal Activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? into wide release in more theaters this week.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Amy Powell, senior vice president of interactive marketing for Paramount Pictures Corp. (https://www.seattlepi.com/movies/411245_paranormal16.html). After eight free screenings at theatres acro ss The United States, the producers decided that they would let the fans decide weather or not the movie should be released nation-wide (See Appendix 3). The way they did this is by partnering up with Eventful and using social media to ask viewers to request the nation-wide release of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Paranormal Activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and only after one million requests would they release the movie. After four days, and a million requests later, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Paranormal Activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ was released nation-wide. With every request, fans would be able to tweet it about it, which has without a doubt contributed greatly to the buzz created for à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Paranormal Activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. What is interesting with this type of social media marketing campaign is that the producers have given the power to the audience. This has never been done before, which was quite a risky move for the producers, but nevertheless proved successful. First of all, it is vital to understand that allowing the audience to decide whether or not the film à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Paranormal Activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ should be released was a very smart move. By giving fans the power to request the film, they are also given them a feeling that they are being part of a community. Obviously, this would give fans one of the two main reasons to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"tweetà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ about the movie and spread the word about à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Paranormal Activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. The second reason simply being that if someone requests the movie, it would be because they have an interest in watching that movie, so naturally they will à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Tweetà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ about it so that all of their friends will request it as well. This type of marketing is very unique, as it has never been done before due to technological limitations. This is why it is very important to understand that social media is allowing companies and independent film makers to expand on their horizons by finding creative and original ways to reach the large number of people who are using these social media tools for personal reasons. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Paranormal Activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is also a great example as to how their marketing campaign is designed in a way to make the fans sell the movie for them. 4.3 Compare and Contrast To compare and contrast, both à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where The Wild Thingsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Paranormal Activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ have had great success in using social media as a tool for marketing and promotionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ although in different ways. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where The Wild Things Areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ focused mainly on multimedia by delivering content to its fans, whilst à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Paranormal Activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ focused more on creating à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"buzzà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and letting the fans decide the fate of the movie. These are two extremely different strategies, yet both were based on using the same social media tools. What this means is that social media is not a magic wand that one can wave and turn their film into an overnight success. Social media is a platform with a lot of potential if used in moderate and creative ways by movie studios. In the case of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where The Wild Things Areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Paranor mal Activity,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ both social media campaigns have worked and proven that social media is one of the ways forward when it comes to film marketing. Spike Jonze, the director of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where The Wild Things Areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ has recently released a short film titled à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢m Hereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ which is marketed entirely using Facebook. This is a clear indicator to prove the above point that social media is the way forward in terms of film marketingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and just like Finola Kerrigan states in her book à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Film Marketing,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Online and viral marketing campaigns are now as important as the conventional practices.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? 5.1 Introduction Three interviews were conducted with industry professionals Gary Nadeau (See Appendix 4), Charles Son (See Appendix 5), and Stuart Read (See Appendix 6) who use social media as a way to promote and market their films. The answers from the questions were surprisingly similar, as they all seemed to think that social media has definitely helped them with exposure for their works. The views expressed are personal ones and only subject to the intervieweesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ point of view. 5.2 Interviews After analyzing the interviews, it seems clear that social media is playing a huge role in the professional lives of the filmmakers. This is especially true for independent filmmakers who wouldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t really have any other way of reaching such a vast amount of people. For larger production companies, this is not really the case. They can still use social media, but it is not a necessity as it is for independent filmmakers. Also, in a way, social media is the beginning of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"personal brandingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ era for filmmakers. What this means is that the most successful filmmakers are the ones who will be able to brand themselves by creating and building a fan base that they can connect and interact with. This was not possible in the past, but with social media, it is becoming a must amongst filmmakers. Another thing that the interviewees commented on was the fact that social media allows them to share, interact, teach, be taught, and to communicate wit h like-minded people. This is a very interesting point, as it is the true essence of what social media is all about. It is about taking content and making it social. This in return allows for the filmmakers to receive feedback as well as to build their fan base and contact list. Social media is creating a smaller world where distance is no longer an issue, and where everyone has a say. Last but not least, it is fair to conclude that social media in terms of film marketing and promotion is not a passing trend, but rather, an integral part of the way things work. The way in which social media in terms of film marketing and promotion is growing is at an exponential rate. Businesses are being formed around this, and large production companies are trying to find ways to capitalize on it. Social media is facilitating communication, interaction, and is bringing us closer to the filmmakers we admire more than ever. It is closing in on the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Six degrees of separationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã ¢â€ž ¢ and is being seen as a very valuable asset which will most likely continue to dominate and evolve with more and more people making the jump to using social media as a main form of marketing and communication. To conclude, it is proving to be quite popular amongst filmmakers to make the leap to social media for promoting and marketing their works. This is especially true for independent filmmakers who do not have the budget of Hollywood movies. Social media has definitely shown a lot of growth and potential, but it is also fair to understand that this platform is one that is still new and in ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s baby stages. It is hard to predict how social media will continue to help filmmakers promote and market their films. From todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s real world examples, social media is proving to be quite a powerful tool in differentiating a good film from a bad one. Just like Twitter helped spread the word of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"New Moonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, it has also helped to bring down some heavily marketed films. The film à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Brunoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ starring Sacha Baron Cohen, which had a great opening weekend, saw a huge decline in ticket sales after the word spread tha t the movie was not as good as it seemed. This is due to the bad reviews and comments made by individuals using Facebook, Twitter, and other social media networks to express their opinions. This is the first time in history that Hollywood has seen such a large decline of ticket sales in such a short period of time, proving that social media is in fact very affective when it comes to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"word of mouthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ be it good or bad. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Facebook is really the focus for us right now. Something like 70 to 80 percent of frequent moviegoers under 25 visits Facebook seven or eight times a day. In fact, I think marketers are fixated on Facebook because we tend to use it a lot ourselves,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? David Singh, executive VP of creative content for Disney. (https://www.mediazbiz.com/2009/11/13/movie-tv-social-media-marketing/).